Associated Injuries in Patients with Maxillofacial Trauma at Dhaka Dental College Hospital by Motorcycle Accident

Background: Facial skeleton injuries are common in emergency departments and can cause physical and psychological distress. The mandible is the most commonly fractured site, followed by the maxillae, zygomatic bone, and nasal bone. Tooth injuries are also common. Although rarely fatal, these injuries may be associated with life-threatening conditions in other parts of the body. Objective: To assess the other bony and soft tissue injuries along with facial bone fracture Methods: It was a cross-sectional observational study carried out in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dhaka Dental College and Hospital. Main outcome variable were age, sex, site, etiology, bony and soft tissue injury over the skin. Thirty patients with maxillofacial trauma who were attended to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery were selected for the study. Study Period: 10 January 2019 to 15 July 2019 Results: Majority of the patients were in the 2nd to 4th decade (80%) with a male to female ratio of 6.5:1. The motorcycle accident occurred with pavement 9 (30.0%) followed by 20% with truck, 5 (16.7%) with bus, 13.3% with motorcycle, 10% accident with pedestrian and 6.7% with autorickshaw. Mandible was the most commonly fractured facial bone (36.67%), followed by midface fracture (20.0%), Lefort-II (16.7%) and Lefort-III (13.3%). Closed head injury such as scalp injury were more 19 (63.3%) then linear fracture 7 (23.3%) and depressed fracture of temporal bone. A total of 23 (76.7%) patients were wearing a helmet at the time of the accident and rest of 7 (23.3%) had no helmet. The soft tissue injuries were significantly more in non-helmeted subjects (p< 0.05). Non-helmet subjects sustained more injuries as compared to helmeted subjects. The injuries were significantly more in non-helmet motorcyclists Conclusion: The study found that males aged 21-40 were most commonly injured in motorcycle accidents, with motorcycle riders and rideshare businessmen being the largest groups of victims. Midface fractures were the most common facial injury and were significantly associated with helmet use. Protective gear was found to be low among motorcycle riders, particularly passengers, impacting the severity of injuries sustained

Haematological parameters and SARS-CoV-2 RT PCR positivity among patients at fever clinic in a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a consequential impact on the global health system. Multisystem involvement is common in COVID-19. Many COVID-19 patients also showed changes in haematological parameters. This cross-sectional study included patients who attended the fever clinic of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh, with fever and/or upper respiratory symptoms. Demographic information, information regarding symptoms, exposure and comorbidities were collected. Complete blood count profile and C-reactive protein were done. Patients underwent RT-PCR for Covid-19 at the fever clinic. A total of 350 patients were included in the study. The study revealed that 21.4% of respondents were COVID-19 positive. PCR-positive patients were more likely to be symptomatic and had elevated C reactive protein levels. COVID-19 positive patients also showed higher total leucocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte, eosinophil, basophil, and platelet count. BSMMU J 2022; 15(2): 75-7

Risk stratification of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients

Background: Multiple Myeloma is a neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells, associated with an M (monoclonal) protein in serum and/or urine and evidence of organ damage. Despite advances in treatment, the disease remains heterogeneous, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of its risk stratification. Risk-adapted initial therapy, maintenance therapy, refractory disease management and prognosis varies according to risk group. The aim of our study is to categorize the newly diagnosed MM patients according to their risk groups. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Department of Haematology of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from August 2019 to July 2020. A total of 31 newly diagnosed MM patients were enrolled based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Risk stratification was performed using ISS, R-ISS, mSMART criteria and Avets risk group categorization. Result: The majority of the patients were male (64.52%) and aged between 55-64 years (45.16%). Clinical features predominantly included low back pain (74.19%) and general weakness (38.71%). Cytogenetic abnormalities were noted in 38.7% of the patients, with del (13q) being the most common (32.30%). Most patients were in ISS Stage III (70.97%) and R-ISS Stage II (48.39%). According to mSMART criteria, 80.65% were at standard risk while Avet's risk stratification identifies 58.06% were at intermediate risk. Conclusion: The study reveals a high prevalence of patients in advanced ISS stages and intermediate to high-risk categories, emphasizing the need for early and personalized intervention strategies

Frequency of consanguineous marriage among the thalassaemia major patients in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University

Thalassaemia is a commonly occurring hereditary disorder. There is a high prevalence of thalassaemia disease in South-East Asia as well as Bangladesh. It is an autosomal recessive disorder, so consanguineous marriage is a very important factor for this disease. Mutated beta globin gene of haemoglobin from both parents is responsible for this disease to occur. But when the number of thalassaemia carriers is miserably high, then only avoidance of consanguineous marriage can’t prevent the birth of children with thalassaemia major. So, this cross sectional study was conducted among 120 diagnosed (by haemoglobin electrophoresis or high performance liquid chromatography) thalassaemia major patients in the Department of Haematology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from July 2019 to May 2020. History from each patient was taken and blood samples were collected from their parents to confirm carrier state by haemoglobin electrophoresis. Blood samples were also collected from patients and their parents toperform complete blood count and peripheral Blood Film. This study showed the mean age of the participants was 15±9.34 and 73 (60.8%) patients were male and 47 (39.2%) were female. About, 71% of the study population lived in urban area, 81 (67%) patients were transfusion dependent thalassaemia patients. 15% thalas- saemia major patients had the history of consanguinity of their parents. Among the parents of the thalassaemia major patients, 62.5% were Beta thalassaemia trait (heterozygous state), 25.83% parents were Hb E trait ( heterozygous state), 7.08% parents were suffering from Beta Thalassaemia Major(homozygous state) and 11 (4.58%) parents were suffering from Hb E/Beta Thalassaemia which is a compound heterozygous state. Though consanguinity is a very influential factor, but the most important causative factor is the presence of high number of thalassaemia carrier in the population. So, it’s a burning issue for the nation to perform a routine carrier screening for all rather than focusing on consanguinity only, to lessen the burden of thalassaemia disease in Bangladesh. BSMMU J 2022; 15(1): 25-2